ENR 1 GENEREAL RULES AND PROCEDURES

ENR 1.1 GENERAL RULES

1.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Except for the differences listed in GEN 1.7, the air traffic rules and procedures applicable to air traffic within the airspace of Taipei FIR conform to Annex 2 and Annex 11 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The rules stated underneath are adopted from the national Rules of the Air. Additional national rules and procedures are contained in ENR 1.8.

1.1.2 GENERAL RULES AND PROCEDURES

  1. In compliance with the Rules of the Air,
    1. Any aircraft operating on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome shall be in compliance with the general rules.
    2. Apart from compliance with the general rules, aircraft in flight shall comply with the VFR or the IFR rules.
    3. A pilot may elect to fly in accordance with IFR in VMC or he may be required to do so by the appropriate ATS authority.
  2. Aircraft shall not be flown in airspace where there are flight restrictions, the particulars of which have been duly published, except in accordance with the conditions of the restriction or by permission of the appropriate authority.
  3. The operation of an aircraft entering or within the ADIZ shall be in compliance with the ADIZ regulations.
  4. Permission to land or take-off at Taipei FIR international or domestic airports, pilots of civil aircraft operate in VFR, shall comply with the Articles 56 and 64 of the Rules of the Air, when operate in IFR shall comply with the Articles 28 and 206 of the Aircraft Flight Operation Regulations, requires that they do not infringe the aerodrome operating minima specified by their company. Controllers shall provide air traffic services based on the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Management Procedures.
  5. A clearance to land or take-off means that appropriate separation on the landing or take-off runway will be ensured and runway is cleared. Landing or take-off clearance has no concern with weather minima.
  6. The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back:
    1. ATC route clearances.
    2. Clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross and backtrack on any runway.
    3. Runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATIS broadcasts, transition levels.

      Other clearances or instructions, including conditional clearances, shall be read back or acknowledged in manner to clearly indicate that they have been understood and will be complied with. Unless specified by the appropriate ATS authority, voice read-back of CPDLC messages shall not be required.
  7. Information relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight, to be provided to air traffic services units shall be in the form of a flight plan.
  8. Unless otherwise required by the appropriate authority, a flight plan for a flight to be provided with air traffic control service shall be submitted at least sixty minutes before departure, or, if submitted during flight, at a time which will ensure its receipt by the appropriate air traffic service unit at least ten minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach:
    1. The intended point of entry into a control area or
    2. The point of crossing an airway
  9. A flight plan shall at least comprise information regarding such of the following items as are considered relevant by the appropriate ATS authority:
    1. Aircraft identification
    2. Flight rules and type of flight
    3. Number and type(s) of aircraft and wake turbulence category
    4. Equipment
    5. Departure aerodrome and estimated off-block time
    6. Cruising speed(s), Cruising level(s), Route to be followed
    7. Destination aerodrome and total estimated elapsed time, Alternate aerodrome(s)
  10. Prior to operating a controlled flight, or a portion of a flight as a controlled flight, an air traffic control clearance shall be obtained from an ATC unit through the submission of a flight plan to it and the clearance must be complied with. If such clearance is not satisfactory to the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, he may request and, if practicable, will be issued an amended clearance. Whenever an aircraft has requested a clearance involving priority, a report explaining the necessity for such priority shall be submitted, if requested by the appropriate ATC unit.
  11. Aircraft operating in the maneuvering area of a controlled aerodrome shall comply with the instructions issued by the air traffic control tower. Unless otherwise approved by the tower, aircraft shall not begin taxiing.
  12. In the event that a controlled flight inadvertently deviates from its current flight plan, the following action shall be taken:
    1. Deviation from track: if the aircraft is off track, action shall be taken forthwith to adjust the heading of the aircraft to regain track as soon as practicable.
    2. Variation in true airspeed: if the average true airspeed at cruising level between reporting points varies or is expected to vary by plus or minus 5 percent of the true airspeed, from that given in the flight plan, the appropriate ATS unit shall be so informed.
    3. Change in estimated time: if the estimated time at the next applicable reporting point, flight information region boundary or destination aerodrome, whichever comes first, is found to be in error in excess of three minutes from that reported to air traffic services, a revised estimated time shall be notified as soon as possible to the appropriate ATS unit.
  13. When it becomes evident that flight in VMC in accordance with its current flight plan will not be practicable, a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight shall:
    1. Request an amended clearance enabling the aircraft to continue in VMC to destination or to an alternate aerodrome, or to leave the controlled airspace concerned; or
    2. If no clearance in accordance with a) can be obtained, continue to operate in VMC and notify the appropriate ATC unit of the action being taken either to leave the controlled airspace or to land at the nearest suitable aerodrome; or
    3. Request special VFR clearances while operating in Class B, Class C, Class D airspace or Class E surface airspace.
    4. Request clearance to operate in accordance with the instrument flight rules.
  14. A controlled flight has landed, or is no longer subject to ATC service; the appropriate ATC unit shall be notified as soon as possible.
  15. An aircraft operated as a controlled flight shall maintain continuous listening watch on the appropriate radio frequency of, and establish two-way communication as necessary with, the appropriate ATC unit. If a communication failure occurs in respect of aircraft forming part of the aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome, the aircraft shall keep a watch for such instruction as may be issued by visual signals.
  16. If a radio communication failure precludes compliance with previous item, the aircraft shall comply with the following procedures:
    1. The aircraft station shall attempt to establish contact on another frequency appropriate to the route;
    2. If the attempt specified in a) above fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to establish communication with other aircraft or other aeronautical station on frequencies appropriate to the route, and select radar SSR MODE A CODE 7600.
    3. If the attempts specified in a) and b) above fail, the aircraft station shall transmit blind its message twice on both primary and secondary frequencies, preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND".
    4. When an aircraft station is unable to establish communication due to receiver failure, the message transmitted shall be preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE". During this procedure, the aircraft shall also advise the time of its next intended transmission.
    5. If in visual meteorological conditions, the aircraft shall continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, and report its arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate ATC unit.
    6. If in instrument meteorological conditions or when weather conditions are such that it does not appear feasible to complete the flight in accordance with e) above, the aircraft shall:
      1. Unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of a regional air navigation agreement, in airspace where radar is not used in the provision of air traffic control, maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan; or,
      2. In airspace where radar is used in the provision of air traffic control, maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 7 minutes following:
        • The time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached; or
        • The time the transponder is set to Code 7600; or
        • The aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point;
        • Whichever is later and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan.
      3. When being radar vectored or having been directed by ATC to proceed offset using RNAV without a specified limit, proceed in the most direct manner possible to rejoin the current flight plan route no later than the next significant point, taking into consideration the applicable minimum flight altitude.
      4. Proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid or fix serving the destination aerodrome and, when required to ensure compliance with item v. below, hold over this aid or fix until commencement of descent;
      5. Commence descent from the navigation aid or fix specified in item iv. at, or as close as possible to, the expected approach time last received and acknowledged; or, if no expected approach time has been received and acknowledged, at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan;
      6. Complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid or fix; and
      7. Land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in item v. or the last acknowledged expected approach time, whichever is later.
  17. Aircraft operating in Taipei FIR shall be equipped with ATC Radar Transponder, which has the capability to display the aircraft flight number (callsign) and flight altitude. General aviation aircraft approved by the CAA or military aircraft approved by the ROCAF may be excepted from the above requirements.
  18. Aircraft encountering transponder failure shall have the transponder repaired if it happens prior to departure. If failure happens after airborne the pilot-in-command may decide whether to continue the flight or return to the ground according to company regulations or the situation.
  19. Course Change Operations
    1. According to Rules of the Air, controlled flights shall, so far as practical, be operated on established ATS routes. Special attention must be given to this requirement during course changes.
    2. However each course change consists of variables that make the technique applicable in each case a matter only the pilot can solve. Variables that must be considered are turn radius, wind effect, airspeed, degree of turn, and cockpit instrument. Turns that begin at or after fix passages may exceed airways or route boundaries. CAA, however, expects pilots to lead turns and take other actions they consider necessary during course changes to adhere as closely as possible to the airways or routes being flown, and within boundaries of airways or route while operating course changes.